Circular economy as a model for sustainable development
Keywords:
circular economy, sustainable development, resource efficiency, sustainable innovation, waste management.Abstract
The circular economy has become established as an alternative model to linear patterns of extraction, production, consumption, and disposal by promoting the continuous use of materials, waste reduction, and the regeneration of natural systems. This article aimed to analyse the foundations, strategies, benefits, and challenges of the circular economy as a model for sustainable development. A narrative literature review was conducted based on scientific publications and institutional reports related to circularity, sustainability, innovation, resource efficiency, and the Sustainable Development Goals. The literature reviewed showed that applying principles such as reducing, reusing, repairing, remanufacturing, and recycling can reduce pressure on natural resources, limit polluting emissions, and create opportunities for innovation, competitiveness, and employment. It was also found that the circular transition requires coordinated changes in product design, business models, consumer behaviour, and public policies. However, economic, technological, regulatory, cultural, and institutional barriers continue to hinder its adoption, particularly among small businesses and economies with limited capacities. It was concluded that the circular economy should not be reduced to recycling but should be understood as a systemic transformation aimed at decoupling economic well-being from resource-intensive consumption. Its contribution to sustainable development will depend on coherent policies, investment in innovation, environmental education, cooperation among stakeholders, and measurement mechanisms capable of assessing its environmental, social, and economic effects across different productive and territorial contexts. In addition, a just, inclusive transition adapted to local realities must be ensured. This approach also requires long-term institutional commitment and active participation from governments, businesses, communities, researchers, and responsible consumers.
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