Innovaciones en producción animal sostenible
Palabras clave:
producción animal sostenible, innovación ganadera, ganadería de precisión, sostenibilidad, cambio climático, bienestar animal.Resumen
La producción animal desempeña un papel estratégico en la seguridad alimentaria, el desarrollo económico y los medios de vida de millones de personas; sin embargo, enfrenta crecientes desafíos relacionados con el cambio climático, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, el uso eficiente de los recursos naturales, el bienestar animal y la necesidad de satisfacer una demanda global de alimentos en constante transformación. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar sistemáticamente las principales innovaciones orientadas hacia la producción animal sostenible, identificando sus aplicaciones, beneficios, desafíos y tendencias futuras. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020, mediante el análisis de publicaciones científicas y documentos institucionales especializados. La evidencia examinada muestra una creciente incorporación de ganadería de precisión, inteligencia artificial, sensores inteligentes, sistemas digitales de monitoreo, estrategias de alimentación sostenible, manejo regenerativo de pasturas, gestión eficiente del agua y estiércol, mejoramiento de la salud y bienestar animal y modelos productivos orientados hacia la reducción de emisiones. Los resultados evidencian que la sostenibilidad ganadera requiere integrar innovación tecnológica, eficiencia productiva, conservación ambiental y bienestar animal. No obstante, persisten barreras relacionadas con los costos tecnológicos, la conectividad, la capacitación, el acceso desigual a innovaciones y la necesidad de desarrollar políticas adaptadas a diferentes contextos productivos. Se concluye que las innovaciones sostenibles presentan importantes posibilidades para fortalecer la productividad, resiliencia y adaptación climática de los sistemas pecuarios; sin embargo, su consolidación requiere investigación interdisciplinaria, políticas públicas, financiación, cooperación institucional y participación activa de los productores.
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