Gobernanza ambiental frente a los desafíos climáticos

Filipe Vidal Avelino

Autores/as

Filipe Vidal Avelino Universidad Agostinho Neto Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-0629

Palabras clave:

gobernanza ambiental, cambio climático, participación ciudadana, coordinación institucional, transparencia, gestión local.

Resumen

La gobernanza ambiental constituye un componente estratégico para afrontar los desafíos climáticos porque articula instituciones, comunidades, organizaciones sociales y sectores productivos en la formulación e implementación de respuestas territoriales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la calidad de la gobernanza ambiental y la efectividad de la respuesta climática en gobiernos locales ecuatorianos. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional-explicativo. La base estuvo conformada por 240 perfiles sintéticos correspondientes a residentes, funcionarios locales y representantes de organizaciones comunitarias de seis territorios rurales y costeros. Se evaluaron participación ciudadana, coordinación interinstitucional, transparencia, rendición de cuentas, capacidad técnica, acceso a financiamiento, inclusión social y efectividad de la respuesta climática. Los resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre gobernanza ambiental y efectividad climática (r = 0,67; p < 0,001). La coordinación interinstitucional (β = 0,29), la capacidad técnica (β = 0,25), la participación incidente (β = 0,22) y la transparencia (β = 0,18) fueron los principales factores predictivos. Los territorios con mecanismos permanentes de coordinación y seguimiento alcanzaron mejores resultados que aquellos con acciones fragmentadas. Se concluye que la gobernanza climática efectiva requiere participación con capacidad de incidencia, responsabilidades definidas, información pública accesible, continuidad financiera y mecanismos verificables de evaluación.

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