Impacto del cambio climático en la calidad de vida
Palavras-chave:
cambio climático, calidad de vida, salud, seguridad hídrica, vulnerabilidad social, resiliencia comunitaria.Resumo
El cambio climático afecta la calidad de vida mediante procesos interrelacionados que comprometen la salud, la disponibilidad de agua, la seguridad alimentaria, los ingresos familiares, las condiciones de vivienda y el bienestar subjetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la exposición a amenazas climáticas y la calidad de vida de habitantes de comunidades ecuatorianas, considerando la influencia protectora del apoyo social y la organización comunitaria. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y correlacional-explicativo, basado en una muestra sintética de 420 perfiles correspondientes a residentes de seis comunidades rurales y costeras. Para la medición se integraron indicadores de exposición climática, afectaciones a la salud, seguridad hídrica y alimentaria, estabilidad económica, condiciones habitacionales, apoyo comunitario y satisfacción con la vida. Los resultados mostraron una relación negativa entre la exposición climática y la calidad de vida global (r = −0,58; p < 0,001). La inseguridad hídrica (β = −0,31), la pérdida de medios de vida (β = −0,27) y los problemas de salud vinculados con eventos climáticos (β = −0,24) fueron los factores con mayor capacidad explicativa. Asimismo, el apoyo social y la organización comunitaria presentaron un efecto protector, especialmente entre las personas con mayores niveles de exposición. Se concluye que el impacto climático sobre la calidad de vida no depende exclusivamente de la intensidad de las amenazas ambientales, sino también de las desigualdades sociales, la capacidad de respuesta institucional y los recursos comunitarios disponibles.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Messias António Bumba
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