Acciones comunitarias para la resiliencia climática
Palavras-chave:
resiliencia climática, participación comunitaria, adaptación local, organización social, alerta temprana, gestión del agua.Resumo
La participación comunitaria constituye un componente fundamental de la resiliencia climática porque permite movilizar conocimientos locales, redes de cooperación y recursos territoriales para prevenir, afrontar y superar los efectos de los eventos extremos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre las acciones comunitarias y la capacidad de resiliencia climática en seis comunidades rurales y costeras del Ecuador. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional-explicativo. La base estuvo conformada por 360 perfiles sintéticos de habitantes adultos, distribuidos equitativamente entre las comunidades representadas. Se evaluaron la organización comunitaria, capacitación climática, participación, funcionamiento de sistemas de alerta temprana, gestión local del agua, restauración de ecosistemas, apoyo institucional y capacidad de recuperación. Los resultados mostraron que la organización comunitaria presentó una relación positiva con la resiliencia climática (r = 0,63; p < 0,001). La participación en actividades preventivas (β = 0,28), la disponibilidad de sistemas de alerta temprana (β = 0,25), la gestión comunitaria del agua (β = 0,22) y la capacitación climática (β = 0,19) fueron los factores con mayor capacidad predictiva. Las comunidades con acciones consolidadas alcanzaron mejores puntuaciones de preparación, respuesta y recuperación. Se concluye que la resiliencia climática aumenta cuando las iniciativas comunitarias reciben continuidad, financiamiento, asistencia técnica y reconocimiento dentro de la planificación institucional.
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