Vigilancia epidemiológica de enfermedades parasitarias en bovinos de producción

Anthony Anderson Acosta Alcívar

Authors

Anthony Anderson Acosta Alcívar Universidad Agraria del Ecuador Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9181-359X

Keywords:

cattle, epidemiological surveillance, parasitic diseases, parasitism, veterinary epidemiology.

Abstract

Parasitic diseases constitute a major health and production problem in cattle systems because of their effects on animal health, welfare, growth, and efficiency. Epidemiological surveillance is a fundamental tool for identifying the presence, distribution, and evolution of these diseases and guiding prevention and control strategies. The aim of this literature review was to analyse the foundations, diagnostic methods, epidemiological factors, and surveillance strategies described in the scientific and technical literature for the identification, prevention, and control of parasitic diseases in production cattle. Twenty sources comprising scientific articles, specialised books, and technical and institutional documents related to veterinary epidemiology, parasitology, diagnosis, surveillance, and health control were analysed. The information was organised according to types of surveillance, epidemiological factors, diagnostic procedures, productive impact, and preventive strategies. The results showed that the dynamics of parasitic diseases are determined by the interaction between the agent, host, environment, and management practices. Active and passive surveillance, complemented by clinical, coprological, and epidemiological methods, generates information to identify risk groups, spatial and temporal patterns, and changes in the occurrence of infections. Furthermore, the evidence highlights the need to strengthen health records, farmer training, diagnostic standardisation, and the strategic use of antiparasitic treatments. It is concluded that epidemiological surveillance is an essential component for improving the prevention and control of bovine parasitism, reducing production losses, and promoting healthier, more efficient, and sustainable livestock production systems.

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